ANCESTRAL NORTH INDIANS ANI: ORIGINS AND HISTORY OF Y DNA HAPLOGROUP R1a by Maciano Hays.

Based on brilliant genetics research, David Reich et al. discovered that migrants from the Steppes to the Indian sub-continent mixed with the population of the Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) on the decline that they encountered to form the Ancient North Indian ANI population. The IVC population was itself a mixture of Iranians from the Zagros mountains and the local Onge-related people.

This paper by Maciano Hays describes succinctly the Indo-Iranian branch of the Y Haplogroup R1a to which the Steppe migrants to India belonged.

Please copy/paste the link below to your browser to open the file.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1s_zuc6OHDUXy33XSQHY5R9LgRMAkv22g/view?usp=sharing

THE DISCOVERY OF HOW AND WHY LYNETTE REIS AND I ARE RELATED

 The discovery of how and why Lynette Reis and I are related

It all started with an email from Lynette’s husband. He had discovered The Last Prabhu from the internet and ordered a copy. Gedmatch showed that his wife and I shared DNA segments and did I have an explanation for that? I consulted geni.com to find out if there was any connection but could find none.
   I next asked him to communicate to me Lynette’s mtDNA haplogroup, and if possible also her father’s or brothers’ Y DNA haplogroup. Fortunately he had both and they were completely different from mine. Clearly, therefore, we were not related directly through either of her parents, the relationship would have to be an indirect one. 
   Lynette’s maternal grandmother was her favourite and she knew that she was from Aldona and her maiden name was de Sousa. Was there perhaps a connection? I advised her husband upon his request to contact the Parish priest of Aldona for a baptismal certificate and a second option would be to apply for one from the archives at the Patriarchal House in Altinho, Panaji. Aldona’s Parish priest ignored his request - why am I not surprised? - but with some difficulty he managed to obtain a copy from the Panaji archives, a digitalised version of poor legibility but good enough for our purpose. We discovered that her maternal grandmother was from Dauzavaddo, a part of Aldona’s Quitula ward. So far so good.
   I had a hunch and to check this out, I would need the assistance of an expert  who was were familiar with the old records of Aldona’s Comunidade Fraternal. I turned to my good friend Hector Fernandes, the highly knowledgeable president of Aldona’s Comunidade Fraternal. He confirmed very rapidly that Dauzavaddo had about ten homes that belonged to a de Sousa/D’Souza/de Souza and all belonged to the comunidade’s fourth vangad, just as I do. One of those houses had been Lynette’s maternal grandmother’s home.
   Eureka! That was the explanation for why Lynette and I shared DNA segments and are genetic cousins. As I have explained in my book, genetics proves that all the members of a specific vangad are descendants of the founder of this vangad, in our case a Prabhu. Thus, all members of Aldona’s 4th vangad and their descendants share his DNA and that includes me. As the daughter of a 4th vangad gaunkar, Lynette’s maternal grandmother had inherited some of the 4th vangad founder’s DNA through her father, and Lynette's mother and through her, Lynette as well.

   Thus, a combination of approaches i.e. genetics, the family tree and old documents/records together enabled us to find an answer to how and why Lynette Reis and I are related.